From Military Victories to Diplomacy: The Relations of the Ayyubid Ruler al-Malik al- ‘Ādil with the Franks

September 1, 2025

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Key Points

The study aims to comprehensively analyze al-Malik al-‘Ādil's policies towards the Franks and their evolution over time.
Historical analysis comparing primary sources from Ayyubid historians with Western sources.
Focus on military, logistical, and diplomatic roles undertaken by al-Malik al-‘Ādil.
Examination of key campaigns and treaties during his rule.
Reveals al-Malik al-‘Ādil's crucial role in significant military campaigns such as the fall of Beytü’l-Ahzân and the Hittin battle.
Highlights his diplomatic negotiations with Richard the Lionheart during the Third Crusade.
Demonstrates a shift towards diplomacy after experiencing the devastation of war, illustrated by the 1205 treaty.

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Comprehensive analysis of al-Malik al-‘Ādil's military and diplomatic strategies towards the Franks, indicating his influence and significance.

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Bedrettin Basuğuy (2025) studied this question.

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