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May 4, 2026Journal of the American College of Surgeons

Exercise-Based and Nutrition-Based Prehabilitation Programs in Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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Authors

CCCatherine T. CascavitaAHAnne HallKSKaavian Shariati

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Overview

Systematic review demonstrates that prehabilitation improves postoperative outcomes, highlighting its importance in surgery.

Key Points

  • This study investigates the efficacy of exercise and nutrition-based prehabilitation on postoperative outcomes like complications and length-of-stay.
  • Systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.
  • 293 randomized controlled trials evaluating prehabilitation published between 2004 and 2024 were analyzed.
  • Random-effects meta-analyses estimated pooled effect sizes for length-of-stay and complications.
  • Prehabilitation reduced complications (OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.35-0.78, p<0.002) and length-of-stay (MD -0.44 days, 95% CI: -0.78 to -0.11, p=0.01).
  • Nutrition-based prehabilitation significantly outperformed exercise-only interventions in reducing length-of-stay (MD -1.09 days).
  • Exercise alone improved quality-of-life measures (standardized mean difference 0.94, 95% CI: 0.24-1.64, p=0.01).

Cite This Study

Cascavita et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69f837003ed186a73998116ehttps://doi.org/10.1097/xcs.0000000000001891
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