RNA methylation in autoimmune rheumatic diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic potential

Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs), often characterized by pain, constitute a diverse group of autoimmune conditions involving inflammation-mediated injuries to bones, joints, surrounding connective tissues, and occasionally other organs. RNA methylation is a key epitranscriptomic modification that regulates gene expression by influencing stability, splicing, nuclear translocation and degradation. Recent studies have highlighted the crucial role of RNA modification in the pathogenesis and progression of various ARDs. RNA modification affects critical biologic processes of ARDs, such as inflammation, immune response. This review systematically explores the landscape of RNA modification in ARDs, elucidating its regulatory roles and therapeutic implications, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, ankylosing spondylitis, primary Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis. The intricate mechanisms of RNA modification can lead to the development of novel diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic strategies, ultimately improving patient outcomes.