Long-term Outcomes after Aortic Valve Interventions: A Comprehensive Review of Surgical and Transcatheter Approaches

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) are two aortic valve procedures that have transformed the treatment of aortic valve disease and improved the quality of life (QoL) and survival of patients with regurgitation and aortic stenosis. With an emphasis on mortality rates, valve durability, functional outcomes, and comorbidities, this thorough study aims to assess the long-term effects of these procedures. Studies published between 2015 and 2024 were included in a comprehensive literature search carried out through the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Relevant papers were identified using keywords such as “aortic valve replacement,” “transcatheter aortic valve implantation,” “long-term outcomes,” “durability,” and “quality of life.” Predetermined inclusion criteria, such as studies with follow-up data longer than 5 years and those comparing the results of SAVR and TAVR, were used to select the articles. The review’s conclusions draw attention to the evolving role of TAVR in lower-risk groups, as well as the ongoing challenges with prosthetic valve longevity and comorbidities such as endocarditis, thrombosis, and structural valve degeneration. In high-risk and geriatric populations, TAVR has become a competitive option to SAVR, which remains the gold standard for younger patients who require long-term durability. To improve clinical outcomes and QoL for patients undergoing aortic valve treatments, future research should focus on enhancing prosthetic valve technology, refining patient selection criteria, and optimizing long-term follow-up protocols.