Geometric Optimization of Internal Fins for Improved Melting Performance of Nano‐Enhanced PCM in Thermal Energy Storage Systems

Recent interest in the use of nano‐enhanced phase change materials (Ne‐PCMs) for thermal energy storage (TES) has increased due to their improved thermophysical properties. A promising method to enhance their thermal conductivity is to incorporate an innovative fin geometry that accelerates melting (MP). Here, we study the thermal performance of six varieties of fins in a latent heat storage unit filled with copper nanoparticle‐enhanced paraffin wax. Three configurations use T‐shaped fins, while the other three incorporate fins tilted at 45°. The melting front and heat transfer (HT) were simulated using a numerical code that solved the enthalpy‐porosity approach. We focus on the evolution of mean temperature, liquid fraction, Bejan (Be) number, and stored thermal energy. Among all configurations, Case 3, which used optimal T‐fins, exhibited the fastest thermal response, with a total melting time reduced by 31.91% compared to the reference design (Case 1). Furthermore, the inclined fins in Cases 4, 5, and 6 were found to delay the MP, increasing the required time by 91.7%, 80%, and 56.25%, respectively, relative to their non‐tilted counterparts. These results highlight the superior performance of Case 3, which is recommended as the optimal fin design for enhancing the efficiency of Ne‐PCM TES systems.