An analysis of the literature on modern approaches to the treatment of two sexually transmitted infections reported in various countries, namely gonococcal and chlamydial, is presented. Retrospective information on the incidence of these infections in the countries of Europe, Russia and the USA in recent years and current recommendations for the treatment of uncomplicated forms of gonococcal and urogenital chlamydial infections from the IUSTI (International Union against Sexually Transmitted Infections), CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) guidelines, Russian clinical guidelines dated 2024 and the WHO data are provided. The data of modern studies on resistance of N. gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial drugs in countries of the world and in the Russian Federation are presented. The main causes of treatment failures were analyzed. Among them, according to researchers in various countries, it is antibiotic resistance of N. gonorrhoeae for gonococcal infection, and for chlamydial — a set of causes, including non-compliance with therapy regimes, false positive diagnosis of urogenital chlamydial infection after completion of therapy, human genital microbiome status, persistence and high bacterial load of C. trachomatis.
Negasheva et al. (Thu,) studied this question.