What question did this study set out to answer?

To design a fractal MIMO antenna system that enhances isolation and diversity for UWB and X-band applications.

Design Process of a Four‐Port Fractal MIMO Antenna: Boosting Isolation and Diversity for Ultra‐Wideband and X‐Band Systems

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Novel fractal MIMO antenna achieves significant isolation and diversity in ultra-wideband applications, indicating robust performance.

To design a fractal MIMO antenna system that enhances isolation and diversity for UWB and X-band applications.
Developed a four-port fractal MIMO antenna with units spaced 5 mm apart and oriented orthogonally.
Used a Rogers RT 5880 substrate with specific dimensions for optimal performance.
Employed a neutralization line to reduce mutual coupling among the antenna units.
Achieved isolation of up to −90 dB between antenna units.
Demonstrated improved diversity gain and efficiency ranging from 95% to 97%.
Covered frequency range from 2.05 to 14.5 GHz, including UWB and X-band bands.

Elabd et al. (2026) studied this question.

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