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The study aims to quantify the interaction of VLF ground transmitter waves with energetic electrons in the magnetosphere.

Ground Transmitter Waves in the Magnetosphere and Their Role in Electron Scattering

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The study aims to quantify the interaction of VLF ground transmitter waves with energetic electrons in the magnetosphere.
Developed a global transmitter-wave model using ray tracing from the topside ionosphere.
Specified source emission using DEMETER observations.
Simulated wave propagation consistent with observed wave intensity and direction.
Demonstrated the role of nonducted wave propagation in wave behavior.
Showed that pitch angle scattering rates vary based on electron energy.
Indicated that NWC transmitter allows electron loss time scales ranging from 1 day to 100 days.

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Modeling VLF waves reveals effects of ground transmitter on electron scattering in the magnetosphere, indicating varied loss rates.

Chen et al. (2026) studied this question.

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