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This research aims to understand how wave power from ground-based transmitters evolves from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere.

Evolution of NWC Transmitter Wave Power Distribution From the Topside Ionosphere Into the Inner Magnetosphere

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This research aims to understand how wave power from ground-based transmitters evolves from the ionosphere into the magnetosphere.
Analyzed data from DEMETER, Van Allen Probes, and Arase satellites.
Conducted ray tracing simulations under three propagation conditions: ducted and non-ducted with varying wave normal angles.
Investigated the concentric rings pattern of wave power distribution.
The concentric rings pattern remains but becomes less distinct and shifts outward in the Northern Hemisphere.
Non-ducted propagation with spread wave normal angles best explains the observed evolution of the wave distribution pattern.
Overall wave power distribution changes as signals propagate from the southern to the northern ionosphere.

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Randomized trial reveals wave power distribution evolution in the ionosphere and magnetosphere, indicating propagation dynamics.

Xia et al. (2026) studied this question.

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