Key Points
- To review the underlying mechanisms of exercise limitation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and assess the clinical utility of cardiopulmonary exercise testing for risk stratification.
- Evaluated the pathophysiological determinants of exercise limitation, including structural, microvascular, and pharmacological factors in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
- Assessed the safety, diagnostic capabilities, and prognostic applications of cardiopulmonary exercise testing in clinical practice.
- Identified multiple drivers of functional impairment, including left ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, interstitial fibrosis, microvascular ischemia, and negative chronotropic medications.
- Characterized cardiopulmonary exercise testing as an objective, safe tool that reveals specific mechanisms of functional limitation and predicts progression to heart failure or sudden cardiac death.
Structured PICO
PPopulationPatients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
IInterventionCardiopulmonary exercise testing
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides a safe and objective evaluation of functional capacity in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, helping to understand exercise limitation and predict progression to heart failure or sudden cardiac death.