Reliable equalization aided long-distance OFDM-FSO performance analysis over Gamma–Gamma turbulence with thermal and background noise mitigation

at 27.5 dB SNR. The analysis further demonstrate that for an identical symbol rate, the BER achieved at 11000 m in weak turbulence closely bouts the BER obtained at 9000 m when the channel experiences strong turbulence like solar storm. Furthermore, the developed equalization framework exhibits superior performance compared to traditional attitudes, demonstrating its capability to sustain stable long-range OFDM-FSO communication for LEO/MEO inter-satellite links.