Effect of Silver Nanoparticles (Ag NPs) Prepared Using Clove Extract Against Escherichia coli

Background: Escherichia coli bacteria is widespread and cause health problems for humans and animals alike. Scientific studies have noted in recent years the increasing resistance of this bacteria to available antibiotic, which necessitated the search for alternatives to traditional antibiotics that were effective and safe at the same time. Objective: The impact of clove-derived silver nanoparticles on E. coli that was clinically isolated from patients in Iraq will be covered in this study. Materials and Methods: In this study, 11 samples were collected from Iraqi patients in different Baghdad hospitals suffering of UTIs, and chemical tests were performed on E. coli O157:H7, biofilm formation and their sensitivity to antibiotics were tested. The clove plant extract was prepared by green methods, and silver nanoparticles were prepared from the clove extract by biosynthesis method. The effectiveness of the nanomaterials was also tested in the laboratory. Results: After testing the clove extract, the results indicated its activity against E. coli , and the Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined to be 18.75 and 9.37 as sub-MIC. Also, the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles prepared from cloves was also tested, and 3.75 was the MIC and 1.87 as sub-MIC. This study showed the effectiveness of clove extract and silver particles prepared from it against E. coli , which requires more studies to determine that it is clinically safe and effective in vivo . Conclusions: Silver nanoparticles that have been produced have antioxidant and superoxide scavenging properties. Ag NPs’ functional groups on the surface are what cause this activity to happen. Furthermore, because of their tiny in size, Ag NPs exhibit potent antibacterial action against E. coli bacteria.