Electromagnetic-transient (EMT) simulation of renewable energy power systems demands greater scale, accuracy, and efficiency. To address the complexity of end-to-end FPGA workflows and the lack of generalizable designs, this paper presents an FPGA-based real-time simulator and a heterogeneous multirate co-simulation framework. The approach combines synchronous communication, line-based electrical decoupling, and an efficient parallel solver framework to support large plants and high-dimensional admittance matrices. Validation against an RTDS benchmark with matched topology and parameters shows errors within required thresholds, confirming the correctness and effectiveness of the approach.
Jiang et al. (Fri,) studied this question.