Perianal eczema: a review of mechanisms, epidemiology, and treatment progress

This review provides a comprehensive overview of perianal eczema, a chronic inflammatory cutaneous disorder that significantly impacts patients’ quality of life. The paper explores the multiple factors involved in its etiology, including immune imbalance, microbiota dysbiosis, and neuroimmunomodulation. It discusses the clinical manifestations of perianal eczema, which are diverse and often require differentiation from other perianal diseases. The review also outlines the various treatment strategies, ranging from topical medications and systemic therapies to physical or surgical interventions. Furthermore, it highlights future directions in treatment, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, precision medicine, and multidisciplinary collaboration. By summarizing the current research and advances in the field, this review aims to improve the understanding and management of perianal eczema.