Preclinical study reveals dose-dependent pain relief from green-extracted kratom in mice, suggesting therapeutic potential for safer natural analgesics.
> 200 μg/mL). Antinociceptive activity was tested in BALB/c albino mice using the hot-plate test, where the optimized ASE kratom leaf extract demonstrated analgesic effects at dosages of 100, 200, and 500 mg/kg. Phytochemical profiling combining NMR and UPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS identified several known kratom constituents, including mitragynine and its congeners as well as bioactive flavonoids such as isoquercitrin and rutin. The optimized ASE method using a green ethanol-water system produces kratom extracts with promising safety and therapeutic potential, though further work is needed to refine and scale the approach for broader phytopharmaceutical use.
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Rusmadi et al. (2025) studied this question.
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