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This research aims to uncover the mechanisms underlying heterosis in maize by examining transcriptomic expression patterns.

May 9, 2026Nature CommunicationsOpen Access

The incomplete dominance of gene expression controlled by Trans-eQTL hotspots contributes to heterosis in maize

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Randomized trial examines how trans-eQTL hotspots influence hybrid vigor in maize, suggesting key pathways for crop improvement.

This research aims to uncover the mechanisms underlying heterosis in maize by examining transcriptomic expression patterns.
Integrated population-scale transcriptomic and phenotypic data in maize hybrids.
Identified deviations from mid-parent gene expression values.
Validated a specific trans-eQTL hotspot involving the ZmR1 transcription factor.
Approximately 30% of expressed seedling genes show incomplete dominance in hybrids.
Non-additive gene expression is primarily regulated by trans-eQTL hotspots clustering hundreds of genes.
Validation of the ZmR1 hotspot indicates its significant role in enhancing heterosis in maize traits.

Xu et al. (2026) studied this question.

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