Dynamic impact tests reveal how failure mechanisms change with impact velocity in coal-rock composites, indicating important energy characteristics.
To elucidate the dynamic impact response mechanism and energy evolution principles of coal–rock composites, dynamic impact tests were conducted on coal–medium sandstone and medium sandstone–medium sandstone composites at varying impact velocities utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system. The failure modes of the specimens, characteristics of stress wave propagation, dynamic stress–strain correlations, and energy dissipation properties were extensively analyzed. The results indicate that, when impact velocity increases, the failure mechanism of the composites shifts from shear slip to crushing failure. The dynamic response demonstrates a pronounced strain rate impact, and the failure energy threshold significantly escalates.
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Ma et al. (2026) studied this question.
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