Evaluation of novel inactivated vaccines for the SAT 1, SAT 2 and SAT 3 serotypes of foot-and-mouth disease in pigs

Figures

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  Fig. 1. Characteristics of the chimeric foot-and-mouth disease virus with SAT viruses P1 (VP1–4), 3B and 3C mutation. a Schematic depiction of the chimeric viruses expressing structural proteins of SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 viruses: SAT1 BOT 1/68 (AY593845), SAT2 ZIM 5/81 (EF134951), and SAT3 ZIM 4/81 (KX375417). The infectious cDNA clone is O1 Manisa, with a format of 3B3B3B3 in the 3B region and C142T in the 3C region. b Images of chimeric virus particles (SAT1 BOT-R, SAT2-ZIM-R, and SAT3-ZIM-R) via electron microscopy. The bar represents 100 nm. c Identification of recombinant FMDV structural proteins (SAT1, SAT2, SAT3) using antigen ELISA

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  Fig. 2. Genetic variations of SAT 1, SAT 2, and SAT 3 vaccine strains. a-c Similarity of the available P1 nucleotide and amino acids sequences (VP4, VP2, VP3, and VP1) with FMD vaccine strains in the SAT1, SAT2, and SAT3 virus; Genbank accession order: SAT1 BOT 1/68 (AY593845, topotype III); SAT1-5sa iso13 (AY593842, topotype III); SAT1–1 bech (NC_011451, topotype III); SAT1 KEN/5/98 (DQ009721, topotype III); SAT1/NIG/4/15 (MF678826, topotype X); SAT2 ZIM 5/81 (EF134951, topotype II); SAT2 SAU/6/00 (AY297948, topotype VII); SAT2 7/83(AF540910, topotype VI); SAT2 RWA/02/01 (DQ009730, topotype VIII); SAT2 3Kenya-21 (AY593849, topotype X); SAT3 ZIM 4/81 (KX375417, topotype I); SAT3-2sa iso27 (AY593850, topotype I); SAT3 ZIM/05/91/3 (DQ009740, topotype III); SAT3 KNP 10/90/3 (AF286347, topotype I); SAT3 UGA/1/13 (KJ820999, topotype V)

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  Fig. 3. Immunogenicity in the pigs and cattle vaccinated with SAT vaccines. a Virus-neutralizing titers in the cattle (n = 5) vaccinated with SAT1 vaccine. b Virus-neutralizing titers in the cattle (n = 5) vaccinated with the SAT2 vaccine. c Virus-neutralizing titers in the cattle (n = 5) vaccinated with SAT3 vaccine. d Virus-neutralizing titers in the pigs (n = 20) vaccinated with SAT1 vaccine. e Virus-neutralizing titers in the pigs (n = 20) vaccinated with SAT2 vaccine. f Virus-neutralizing titers in the pigs (n = 20) vaccinated with SAT3. The dotted lines show 1.65 log10 virus-neutralizing (VN) titers (1:45). Vaccination in pigs and cattle was done two times at 0 and 28 days. The error bars are the standard deviation

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  Fig. 4. Immune responses against SAT viruses measured by a virus neutralization test in immunized pigs for the challenge test. Antibody responses by VN titers for SAT viruses in pigs at 0, 7, 14, and 28 days post-vaccination and 1~7 days post-challenge. a SAT1-BOT-R (n = 5). b SAT2-ZIM-R (n = 5). c SAT3-ZIM-R (n = 4). The dotted lines represent 1.65 log10 virus-neutralizing (VN) titers (1:45). The error bars are the standard deviation

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  Fig. 5. Clinical scores and virus shedding in the pigs immunized with the SAT1, SAT2 or SAT3 vaccine after the SAT1 BOT 1/68, SAT2 ZIM-5/81 or SAT3 ZIM 4/81 virus challenge. a Negative control group (n = 2) for SAT1 virus challenge. Control pig #103–3 was sacrificed at 7 day post-challenge (dpc). b SAT1 BOT-R-vaccinated group (n = 5), c Negative control group (n = 2) for SAT2 virus challenge, Control pig #103–5 was sacrificed at 7 dpc. d SAT2 ZIM-R-vaccinated group (n = 5), e Negative control group (n = 2) for SAT3 virus challenge. f. SAT3 ZIM-R-vaccinated group (n = 4)