Population
Participants in the Framingham Study and a sample of men in the Whitehall Study
Design
Cohort
Follow-up
up to 30 years
Authors
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Single baseline measurements may underestimate long-term risk associations; supports repeated measures or correction in future cohort analyses.
Baseline measurements of risk factors like blood pressure and cholesterol increasingly underestimate true long-term disease risk associations due to regression dilution, highlighting the need for replicate measurements to correct risk estimates.
Clarke et al. (1999) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 4 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: