Does the CRP-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) index predict all-cause mortality in elderly patients with HFpEF?
The CALLY index, reflecting immune inflammation and nutritional status, is an independent predictor of long-term mortality in elderly patients with HFpEF.
BACKGROUND: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a complex and heterogeneous clinical condition characterized by the interplay of malnutrition and immune inflammation, especially in elderly patients. The CRP-Albumin-Lymphocyte (CALLY) index, a novel composite indicator reflecting immune inflammation and nutritional status, has not yet been validated as a prognostic tool in elderly patients with HFpEF. METHODS: This retrospective study included 320 elderly patients hospitalized at the Air Force Medical Center from October 2016 to April 2019 due to HFpEF. Patients were stratified into the all-cause mortality and the survival groups according to follow-up outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were performed to identify risk factors associated with poor prognosis. Additionally, we constructed and evaluated a nomogram based on the CALLY index to predict survival rates. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 137 cases (42.81 %) of patients experienced all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis revealed that a lower CALLY index (HR 0.811, 95 % CI 0.714-0.921, P = 0.001) was independently associated with adverse prognosis in elderly patients with HFpEF. The nomogram incorporating the CALLY index exhibited robust predictive performance for predicting 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival outcomes. CONCLUSION: Our findings demonstrate that the CALLY index is an independent predictor of long-term mortality in elderly patients with HFpEF. The developed nomogram incorporating the CALLY index could effectively predict survival probabilities.
He et al. (Tue,) studied this question.