Association Between a Social-Business Eating Pattern and Early Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis
José L. PeñalvoLeticia Fernández‐FrieraBeatriz López‐MelgarIrina UzhovaBelén OlivaJuan Miguel Fernández-AlviraMartín LaclaustraStuart PocockAgustín MocoroaJosé M. MendigurenGinés SanzEliseo GüallarSameer BansilalRajesh VedanthanLuis Jesús Jiménez‐BorregueroBorja IbáñezJosé M. OrdovásAntonio Fernández‐OrtízHéctor BuenoValentı́n Fuster
Key result
Social-business eating pattern linked to ~31% higher odds of subclinical atherosclerosis versus Mediterranean diet.
- OR 1.31
- 95% CI 1.06 to 1.63
- n=4,082
Why the study?
Identifying specific dietary patterns related to early atherosclerosis would inform effective primary prevention strategies for cardiovascular health.
Does a social-business eating pattern increase the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic middle-aged adults compared to a Mediterranean diet?
Key Points
- To evaluate the association between specific dietary patterns and the presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic middle-aged adults.
- Analyzed baseline data from N=4,082 asymptomatic participants aged 40 to 54 years (mean age 45.8 years; 63% male) enrolled under trial NCT01410318.
- Assessed detailed dietary habits alongside vascular imaging across multiple territories performed blinded to clinical information.
- Classified participants into Mediterranean (40%), Western (41%), and social-business (19%) dietary patterns, with the latter marked by red meat, premade foods, snacks, alcohol, sugar-sweetened beverages, and frequent dining out.
- Participants adhering to the social-business eating pattern showed significantly increased odds of subclinical atherosclerosis compared with those following a Mediterranean diet (odds ratio: 1.31; 95% confidence interval: 1.06 to 1.63).
Study Design
Type
Cross-Sectional (n=4,082)
Blinding
Blinded to clinical information
Structured PICO
Does a social-business eating pattern increase the risk of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic middle-aged adults compared to a Mediterranean diet?
P
Population
4,082 asymptomatic adults aged 40 to 54 years (mean age 45.8 years, 37% female) evaluated for the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis.
E
Exposure
Social-business eating pattern (characterized by high consumption of red meat, pre-made foods, snacks, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages and frequent eating-out behavior)
C
Comparator
Mediterranean dietary pattern
O
Outcome
Presence of subclinical atherosclerosissurrogate
Main Result
Odds Ratio: 1.31 (95% CI 1.06–1.63)
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Key expert perspectives
Captured external expert commentary on this paper, strongest first. Original sources are linked where available.
“poor dietary choices might be generally made early in life and if not changed, it may lead to cardiovascular disease in later life”
“these differences are independent of the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and unhealthy lifestyle habits”
VFValentin FusterGeneral Director, CNIC; Physician-in-Chief, Mount Sinai
“the people who have the habit of skipping breakfast might have an unhealthy lifestyle; also, proactively changing this one negative habit can enable the people to reduce the risk of heart disease”
Implication
A social-business eating pattern is associated with a significantly higher risk of early subclinical atherosclerosis compared to a Mediterranean diet in asymptomatic middle-aged adults.
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of a healthy diet in relation to cardiovascular health promotion is widely recognized. Identifying specific dietary patterns related to early atherosclerosis would contribute greatly to inform effective primary prevention strategies. OBJECTIVES This study sought to quantify the association between specific dietary patterns and presence and extent of subclinical atherosclerosis in a population of asymptomatic middle-aged adults. METHODS The PESA (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis) study enrolled 4,082 asymptomatic participants 40 to 54 years of age (mean age 45.8 years; 63\% male) to evaluate the presence of subclinical atherosclerosis in multiple vascular territories. A fundamental objective of this cohort study was to evaluate the life-style-related determinants, including diet, on atherosclerosis onset and development. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, including detailed information on dietary habits obtained as part of the overall life-style and risk factor assessment, as well as a complete vascular imaging study that was performed blinded to the clinical information. RESULTS Most PESA participants follow a Mediterranean (40\% of participants) or a Western (41\%) dietary pattern. A new pattern, identified among 19\% of participants, was labeled as a social-business eating pattern, characterized by a high consumption of red meat, pre-made foods, snacks, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages and frequent eating-out behavior. Participants following this pattern presented a significantly worse cardiovascular risk profile and, after adjustment for risk factors, increased odds of presenting subclinical atherosclerosis (odds ratio: 1.31; 95\% confidence interval: 1.06 to 1.63) compared with participants following a Mediterranean diet. CONCLUSIONS A new social-business eating pattern, characterized by high consumption of red and processed meat, alcohol, and sugar-sweetened beverages, and by frequent snacking and eating out as part of an overall unhealthy life-style, is associated with an increased prevalence, burden, and multisite presence of subclinical atherosclerosis. (Progression of Early Subclinical Atherosclerosis [PESA]; NCT01410318)
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Cite This Study
Peñalvo et al. (2016) conducted a cross-sectional in Subclinical atherosclerosis (n=4,082). Social-business eating pattern vs. Mediterranean diet was evaluated on Presence of subclinical atherosclerosis (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.63). A social-business eating pattern was associated with increased odds of presenting subclinical atherosclerosis compared with a Mediterranean diet (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.63).