An Improved Method of Heart Rate Extraction Algorithm Based on Photoplethysmography for Sports Bracelet

Heart rate measurement employing photoplethysmography (PPG) is a prevalent technique for wearable devices. However, the acquired PPG signal is often contaminated with motion artifacts, which need to be accurately removed. In cases where the PPG and accelerometer (ACC) spectra overlap at the actual heart rate, traditional discrete Fourier transform (DFT) algorithms fail to compute the heart rate accurately. This study proposed an enhanced heart rate extraction algorithm based on PPG to address the issue of PPG and ACC spectral overlap. The spectral overlap is assessed according to the morphological characteristics of both the PPG and ACC spectra. Upon detecting an overlap, the singular spectrum analysis (SSA) algorithm is employed to calculate the heart rate at the given time. The SSA algorithm effectively resolves the issue of spectral overlap by removing motion artifacts through the elimination of ACC-related time series in the PPG signal. Experimental results reveal that the accuracy of the proposed algorithm surpasses that of the traditional DFT method by 19.01%. The proposed method makes up for the deficiency posed by artifact and heart rate signal overlap in conventional algorithms and significantly improves heart rate extraction accuracy.