This article provides an in-depth analysis of the theoretical and methodological foundations, practical problems, and effective ways of overcoming challenges in the process of developing mathematical literacy at the primary education level. In the modern education system, mathematical literacy reflects a learner’s ability to think logically and analytically, make evidence-based decisions, and solve real-life problems through mathematical reasoning. The study substantiates the role of interactive methods, a differentiated approach, information and communication technologies, and a motivational learning environment in developing pupils’ mathematical thinking. The theoretical ideas and practical observations presented in the article show that the development of mathematical literacy involves not only working with numbers, but also forming pupils’ culture of thinking and preparing them for analysis, communication, creative thinking, and independent decision-making. In addition, based on the analysis of existing scientific sources, the article emphasizes the need for innovative pedagogical approaches, an integrated teaching model, and a learner-centered educational environment for developing mathematical thinking among primary school pupils. The research results indicate that developing mathematical literacy in primary education enhances pupils’ functional literacy, strengthens independent thinking, and serves as an important factor in educating them as individuals equipped with twenty-first-century competencies.
Iqboljon Xaydarov (Tue,) studied this question.