Digital commentary activities for managing spoiled identities among young South African women and girls (16–24) living with HIV: A sociologically informed content and thematic analysis

Objectives This study examines how young South African women and girls (YSAWGs) engage with digital spaces to navigate culturally sensitive issues surrounding HIV, gender norms, and sexuality – topics that are often stigmatised and socially silenced in offline environments. The research focuses particularly on how digital engagement supports mental health and emotional self-management and assesses the potential of digital platforms to compensate for deficits in formal and informal support systems. Methods Guided by Goffman's stigma and Butler's performativity, this study analysed content from Springster, a moderated digital platform for young women operated by Girl Effect. Ethical approval and a data-use licence were obtained in September 2021. Over four months, 135 stories and 12,764 user comments were collected. Some participants self-reported living with HIV and discussed HIV-related risks. An integrated content and thematic analysis examined the content dimension of digital usage, focusing on how YSAWGs mobilise the platform to negotiate HIV-related and socially spoiled identities. Results Five dominant forms of digital commentary were identified: (1) advising and suggesting (n = 437); (2) sharing concerns and seeking advice (n = 328); (3) reflection and critical thinking (n = 299); (4) inspiration and learning (n = 228); and (5) self-representation (n = 94). These interactions functioned as substitutes for limited school-based sexual-health education, inadequate mental-health resources and gaps in supportive interpersonal relationships. Users frequently sought non-judgemental peers and reciprocal support to navigate emotional and social challenges related to HIV, gender, and sexuality. Conclusion The study demonstrates the potential of digital platforms to support the mental and sexual health of YSAWGs, particularly amid persistent social and digital inequalities in South Africa. While digital engagement offers valuable opportunities for connection, learning, and emotional regulation, it also carries risks that may limit its benefits. The findings highlight the urgent need for systematic, educationally interactive interventions for YSAWGs.