Impact of Exogenous Cytokinin and Auxin on In Vitro Culture of Pineapple ( Ananas comosus ) (L) var Sweet Cayenne Under Aseptic Conditions

An efficient micropropagation technique for pineapple utilizes shoot crowns as an explant. Traditional propagation methods are slow and insufficient for large‐scale production due to the small number of suckers naturally produced by the plant. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of different combinations and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs) on shoot initiation during the early stages of pineapple development cultured in vitro. Crown tip explants of mature pineapple plants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with varying concentrations and combinations of benzylaminopurine (BAP) and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) to assess their influence on regeneration. The treatments used in the study were 0.5 mg L −1 NAA, 2 mg L −1 BAP, a combination of 0.5 mg L −1 NAA + 2 mg L −1 BAP, and a control (0 mg L −1 ). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with two replications. Results indicated that 2 mg L −1 BAP produced the highest number of primordial leaves, exceeding the effects of NAA alone and the combination treatment. Although NAA also promoted leaf formation, its impact was less pronounced than BAP. The control recorded the fewest primordial leaves, demonstrating the essential role of PGRs in leaf initiation and development. For shoot induction, the combination of 0.5 mg L −1 NAA + 2 mg L −1 BAP induced shoots 16 days after culture establishment, whereas 2 mg L −1 BAP and 0.5 mg L −1 NAA alone induced shoots after 11 and 12 days, respectively. The control required 24 days to initiate shoots. These results clearly showed that 2 mg L −1 BAP was highly effective in promoting early shoot initiation and overall morphogenesis/development in pineapple in vitro culture.