Pro-Arrhythmic Ventricular Remodeling Is Associated With Increased Respiratory and Low-Frequency Oscillations of Monophasic Action Potential Duration in the Chronic Atrioventricular Block Dog Model

Figures

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  Figure 1. Respiratory frequency oscillations in time and frequency domain. Representative examples of oscillations in monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) in the time domain (top) and frequency domain (bottom) during (A) sinus rhythm (SR), (B) acutely after creation of AV block (AAVB), and (C) after remodeling at chronic AV block (CAVB). A clear increase in a 0.2 Hz oscillation is seen at CAVB.

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  Figure 2. Respiratory oscillations of monophasic action potential duration. (A) The logarithmic transformed power of respiratory oscillations of APD (log[RF]) at sinus rhythm (SR), acutely after AV block (AAVB), and at chronic AV block (CAVB). (B) log[RF] of the inducible vs. the non-inducible CAVB dogs. *p < 0.05.

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  Figure 3. Low-frequency (LF) oscillations of monophasic action potential duration. (A) The logarithmic transformed power of LF oscillations of APD (log[LF]) at sinus rhythm (SR), acutely after AV block (AAVB), and at chronic AV block (CAVB). (B) log[LF] of the inducible vs. the non-inducible CAVB dogs. *p < 0.05.

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  Figure 4. Low-frequency (LF) oscillations in a non-inducible dog vs. an inducible dog. A representative example of MAPD (A), MAPD difference in the time domain (B), and MAPD difference in the frequency domain (C) of a non-inducible dog (left) and an inducible dog (right). A clear LF pattern in MAPD difference can be discerned in the inducible dog.