Ferroelectricity and ferromagnetism in Fe-doped barium titanate ceramics

In this work, structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and ferromagnetic properties of BaTi1–xFexO3 (0 <x < 0.5) ceramics have been investigated. Structural investigations using X-ray diffraction reveal that Fe doping leads to the development of hexagonal phase as well as an increase in average grain size. The coexistence of tetragonal and hexagonal phases strongly depends upon the Fe concentration. The lattice strain and dislocation density are found decreasing with increasing Fe content from x = 0 to 0.5. A reduction in dielectric constant (from 1534 to 305) and Remnant polarization (from 1.105–0.015 μC/cm2) was observed with increasing x from 0 to 0.5. All Fe-doped samples exhibit ferromagnetic ordering with increasing saturation magnetization (Ms) 0.084 emu/g at x = 0.1–0.511 emu/g for x = 0.5 samples.