What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Other. Intervention: Phenethylamine (PEA) and seven analogues. Primary outcome: Heart rate, arterial pressure, and body temperature.

What does this research mean for the field?

Intravenous exposure to several phenethylamine analogues found in pre-workout supplements significantly increases arterial pressure and heart rate, and reduces body temperature in rats. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.INCREMENTAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to investigate the acute cardiovascular effects of phenethylamines in conscious rats.

May 15, 2026European Journal of PharmacologyOpen Access

Phenethylamines in Pre-Workout Supplements Alter Arterial Pressure, Heart Rate, and Body Temperature in Rats

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Key result

IV phenethylamine analogues raise arterial pressure by up to 103 mmHg and HR in rats.

Why the study?

Pre-workout supplements containing phenethylamines are linked to adverse cardiovascular events, but knowledge of their underlying pharmacology and toxicology remains limited.

Population

Conscious Wistar-Kyoto rats

Comparison

Cumulative doses of PEA and seven analogues

Design

Preclinical telemetry study

Authors

NPNicole PinckaersMaastricht University MBMatthijs BlankesteijnMaastricht University RPRachelle PeetersMaastricht University

Discussion

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Implication

Raises safety concerns for PEA analogues in supplements; animal data leave open translation to human cardiovascular risk.

Key Points

The study aims to investigate the acute cardiovascular effects of phenethylamines in conscious rats.
Monitored heart rate, arterial pressure, and body temperature using telemetry in Wistar-Kyoto rats.
Intravenous exposure to cumulative doses of phenethylamine and seven analogues: BMPEA, halostachine, higenamine, isopropyloctopamine, p-octopamine, p-synephrine, and p-tyramine.
Evaluated the effects on cardiovascular metrics after administration of these substances.
All PEAs except PEA and BMPEA significantly altered arterial pressure with increases of 65 to 103 mmHg.
Maximal increases in heart rate due to higenamine and isopropyloctopamine were 110 and 123 beats per minute, respectively.
Some analogues caused body temperature reductions ranging from -0.5 to -1.5°C.

Structured PICO

Population

Conscious Wistar-Kyoto rats

Intervention

Intravenous exposure to cumulative doses of phenethylamine (PEA) and seven analogues (BMPEA, halostachine, higenamine, isopropyloctopamine, p-octopamine, p-synephrine, and p-tyramine)

Outcome

Heart rate, arterial pressure, and body temperaturesurrogate

Phenethylamines commonly found in pre-workout supplements cause rapid and pronounced increases in arterial pressure and heart rate in rats, highlighting potential cardiovascular risks.

Cite This Study

Pinckaers et al. (2026) studied this question. Phenethylamine (PEA) and seven analogues was evaluated on Heart rate, arterial pressure, and body temperature. Intravenous exposure to several phenethylamine analogues in rats significantly increased arterial pressure (by up to 103 mmHg) and heart rate (by up to 123 bpm), and reduced body temperature.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a06b7a1e7dec685947aa674 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2026.178966

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Phenethylamines in Pre-Workout Supplements Alter Arterial Pressure, Heart Rate, and Body Temperature in Rats

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Phenethylamines in Pre-Workout Supplements Alter Arterial Pressure, Heart Rate, and Body Temperature in Rats

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Structured PICO

Cite This Study

Also Consider

Also Consider