CFD-DEM Simulation of Backflow Blockage of Deep-Sea Multistage Pump

The multistage centrifugal pump is the critical component of mineral resources lifting in deep-sea mining. The reflux of nodules in the lifting pipe caused by the emergency pump stop can easily cause the pump to clog. In this paper, coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics and Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM co-simulations) are used to clarify the solid-liquid two-phase flow in two-stage centrifugal pumps under different particle sizes (10–20, 20–30, 30–40, 40–50 mm) with constant particle concentration. The movement and accumulation behaviour of particles in different flow fields (pipeline to pump, the first to the second pump stage) is investigated. Meanwhile, the effect of particle size and particle reflux velocity on the blockage of the flow channel in the pump was investigated. Particle accumulation in the pump was observed to determine the key factors affecting the pump’s reflux capacity. The residual mass of particles in the pump at different particle sizes was counted. Simultaneously, the percentage of residual mass of 10–20 mm particles in the pump was compared between the experiment and the simulation with an acceptable tolerance of within 10%. In addition, pressure changes in the blockage-prone section were also investigated. A comparison between experiments and simulations verifies the consistency of the trend on the pump inlet pressure when clogged with 50 mm particles. It was found that larger particles in the range of 10–30 mm can better ensure the pump’s reflux performance.