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The authors analyzed temporal trends in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among men and women who visited the San Francisco municipal sexually transmitted disease clinic between 1989 and 1992, using blinded HIV seroprevalence data. Temporal changes in sexual behavior were evaluated by abstracting self-reported information on sexual behaviors from a random sample of charts of men who visited the clinic between 1990 and 1992. From 1989 to 1992, HIV seropositivity declined from 2.0% to 1.0% among women (p = 0.06) and from 18.9% to 12.0% (p < 0.001) among men. The percentage of patients who reported having anal intercourse in the previous year did not change significantly during the study period. The percentage of male patients who reported having vaginal intercourse during the previous year decreased from 82.9% to 78.6% (p < 0.05), and the percentage of male patients who reported engaging in receptive oral sex during the previous year increased from 24.0% to 41.6% (p < 0.001). The percentage of male patients who reported that they always used condoms increased from 31.8% to 49.2% for anal sex, from 8.7% to 19.5% for vaginal sex, and from 1.4% to 6.3% for oral sex (p < 0.05). Among patients visiting the sexually transmitted disease clinic, there was a steady and significant decline in HIV seroprevalence. The decline in HIV seroprevalence was accompanied by a significant trend toward safer sexual practices. However, by the end of the study period, less than half of the patients reported using condoms all of the time, which suggests that there is a need to expand behavioral interventions to focus on high-risk persons.
Schwarcz et al. (Tue,) studied this question.