A Semantic Framework: Ontology-Driven Knowledge Management for Reconfigurable Supply Chains in the Supply Chain 5.0 era

Supply chain management faces increasing challenges due to growing interactions and uncertainties, requiring advanced knowledge management approaches. Supply Chain 5.0 emphasizes sustainability, resilience and human-machine collaboration, consequently needs innovative approaches. To address the traditional systems limitations, the reconfigurable supply chain has emerged, which requires dynamic knowledge management solutions. This paper proposes an ontological framework to support supply chain reconfiguration using semantic modeling through ontology. Ontologies formalize, organize and integrate complex knowledge, improving decision making and ensuring interoperability between systems. The framework incorporates key performance indicators to enable real-time adaptability and maintain optimal performance. By bridging traditional methods with reconfigurable systems, it addresses critical knowledge management gaps while aligning with Industry 5.0 principles. A comparative evaluation underlines the novelty of the framework and its potential as a valuable tool for managing dynamic, sustainable and resilient supply chains.