Domain Maintenance as an Objective of Business Political Activity: An Expanded Typology

Conceptually, business political activity may have three major objectives: (1) to gain special monetary and anticompetitive favors from government—domain management; (2) to manage environmental turbulence created by governmental threats to the legitimacy of organizational goals and purposes—domain defense; and (3) to manage similar threats to the methods by which organizations pursue their goals and purposes—domain maintenance. This paper incorporates the political objective of domain maintenance into the existing typology of the strategic objectives of environmental management.