Key result
Immune checkpoint inhibitors linked to a ~3% rate of CV adverse events, primarily myocarditis.
Why the study?
The full range of cardiovascular complications related to immune checkpoint inhibitor use is not fully understood.
What is the spectrum and incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment?
Observational (n=2,647)
No
What is the spectrum and incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment?
Cardiovascular complications from immune checkpoint inhibitors affect approximately 3.4% of patients, presenting a broad spectrum of events including myocarditis, tachyarrhythmias, and non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction.
Suggests monitoring for myocarditis and other cvAEs during ICI therapy; extends spectrum data but leaves optimal surveillance open.
BACKGROUND: The full range of cardiovascular complications related to the use of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is not fully understood. We aim to describe the spectrum of cardiovascular adverse events (cvAEs) by presenting our real-world experience of the diagnosis and management of these complications. METHODS: Two thousand six hundred and forty-seven (2647) patients were started on ICI treatment between 2014 and 2020. Data from 110 patients referred to the cardio-oncology service with a suspected cvAE was collected prospectively and analysed. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients (3.4%) were confirmed to have cvAEs while on ICI therapy. Myocarditis was the most frequent event (33/89), followed by tachyarrhythmia (27/89), non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction (NILVD) (15/89) and pericarditis (7/89). Results from myocarditis and non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction cohorts were compared. Myocarditis and NILVD showed significant differences in respect toof troponin elevation, cardiac magnetic resonance abnormalities and ventricular function. Dual ICI therapy and other immune related adverse events were more frequently associated with myocarditis than NILVD. There was a significant difference in the median time from starting ICI treatment to presentation with myocarditis versus NILVD (12 vs 26 weeks p = 0.049). Through early recognition of myocarditis, prompt treatment with steroids and interruption of ICI, there were no cardiovascular in-hospital deaths. NILVD did not require steroid treatment and ICI could be restarted safely. CONCLUSIONS: The full spectrum of cardiovascular complications in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors is much broader than initially described. Myocarditis remains the most frequent cvAE related to ICI treatment. A novel type of myocardial injury was observed and defined as Atrial tachyarrhythmias and NILVD were also frequent in this cohort. NILVD has a This differs fromdifferent presentation from ICI-related myocarditis, mainly usually presenting afterby the lack of inflammatory features on CMR and biomarkers and a later presentation in time.
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Andrés et al. (2022) conducted an observational in Cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (n=2,647). Immune checkpoint inhibitors was evaluated on Incidence of cardiovascular adverse events. Among 2,647 patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors, 3.4% developed cardiovascular adverse events, with myocarditis being the most frequent, followed by tachyarrhythmia and non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction.
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