Clinical Application of Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC) as a Biomarker for Arterial Hypertension

Figures

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  Figure 1. Scree plot shows the first three principal components have eigenvalues greater than 1. The three first components explain 85% of the variation in the data.

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  Figure 2. Loading plot. Loading plot including systolic and diastolic arterial tension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and age.

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  Figure 3. Outlier plot. The individual’s dataset included in the study, with sample 21 and 158 as outlier samples.

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  Figure 4. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) calibration curve. The red line represents the different ENaC concentrations. The blue line is the linear regression for the entire set of standard points.

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  Figure 5. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) expression detected on platelet plasma membranes: (Aa) Representative bands corresponding to α-ENaC (55 kDa) and loading control GAPDH (37 kDa) detected by Western blotting assay from platelet lysates from individuals included in the study regardless of their health condition. (Ab) Levels of ENaC expression detected on platelet plasma membranes using the blotting assay. Band intensities are expressed as the relative number of pixels; **** p < 0.0001. (Ac) ROC curve. Black circles show the percentage of positive individuals for every cut-off value determined by Wb assay; red line represents the discrimination line, limiting the zone of no discrimination. (Ba) Representative fluorescence emission spectra of platelets samples λexc of 488 nm (495–570 nm). Samples corresponded to different individuals included in the study regardless of their health condition. (Bb) Levels of ENaC expression detected on platelet plasma membranes using the AuNPs-anti-ENaC assay. Band intensities are expressed as the relative number of pixels; **** p < 0.0001. (Bc) ROC curve. Black circles show the percentage of positive individuals for every cut-off value determined by…

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  Figure 6. TEM images of bioconjugates and platelets. Topographical distribution of AuNP-anti-ENaC bioconjugates on the plasma membrane of platelets from (A) normotensive individuals and (B) patients with HTN. Scale bar = 0.5 µm.