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This research aims to assess the effectiveness of D-dimer and lower limb ultrasonography as predictors for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE).

May 17, 2026PLoS ONEOpen Access

D-dimer and lower limb ultrasound as prognostic factors for recurrent deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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This research aims to assess the effectiveness of D-dimer and lower limb ultrasonography as predictors for recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE).
Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies, case-control studies, and clinical trials.
Screened 4652 titles and abstracts, removing duplicates, and included 48 articles that met criteria.
Analyzed pooled data for risk of recurrent VTE associated with D-dimer levels and residual vein thrombosis.
Residual vein thrombosis at anticoagulation discontinuation showed a two-fold increase in recurrent VTE risk (OR 2.00, 95% CI 1.02 to 3.94).
A positive post-treatment D-dimer also indicated a significant risk of recurrent VTE (OR 2.48, 95% CI 1.85–3.33).
The evidence quality is very low due to significant heterogeneity and wide prediction intervals.

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Systematic review evaluates D-dimer and ultrasound in predicting recurrent venous thromboembolism, suggesting caution in clinical interpretation.

Salinas-Mendoza et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Systematic review evaluates D-dimer and ultrasound in predicting recurrent venous thromboembolism, suggesting caution in clinical interpretation.