Bioelectronic Neuromodulation of the Autonomic Nervous System: Clinical Advances and Emerging Technologies

Introduction: Advances in neurotechnology, micro- and nanotechnology, and biocompatible materials have enabled the design of bioelectronic devices that modify Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) activity and are used to treat a multitude of disorders. The paper explains the preclinical and clinical uses, highlights new technologies in electrode production, and addresses topics such as the neuromodulation mechanism and patient-specific needs. The current paper, with the help of the current progress in neurotechnology, micro/nano-engineering, and biocompatible materials, discusses how bioelectronic devices can, potentially, be used to manipulate ANS activity to cure all sorts of diseases. Method: The paper examines preclinical and clinical applications, reviews proven developments in electrode technology, and evaluates the efficacy of the technique in the treatment of metabolic, inflammatory, cardiovascular, and pelvic diseases. Results: The challenges are the inability to meet patients' needs, the lack of normalisation of neuromodulation methods, and the lack of understanding of the processes. To expand the treatment scope of BM, future endeavours will focus on integrating research and technology development. Discussion: Results indicate that although Bioelectronic Medicine has great promise in the noncancerous treatment of a variety of ANS-related diseases, it faces challenges in standardising stimulation parameters, improving biocompatibility, and personalising treatment. To achieve the aim of transferring current experimental advances to safe and efficient clinical implementation, the issues will be addressed. Conclusion: The exception is that a few case studies are summarised in the manuscript to illustrate the use of bioelectronic medicines in Autonomic disorders. Conclusion: The exception is that a few case studies are summarised in the manuscript to illustrate the use of bioelectronic medicines in Autonomic disorders.