Comparison of Traditional Sealed Lead Acid Battery and Next Generation Supercapacitor Usage in Terms of Energy Efficiency in Solar Energy Storage Systems

Solar energy is an important renewable energy source due to its accessibility and relatively low maintenance and operating costs.Due to the rapid increase in global energy demand, it has become crucial to enhance energy production capacity and store the produced energy more efficiently and sustainably.In recent years, hybrid systems have gained importance in energy storage systems.Additionally, the potential effects of environmental factors, such as temperature, on the efficiency and performance of these systems require attention.This study compared two energy storage technologies used in solar energy systems: sealed lead-acid batteries and supercapacitors.The study compared both technologies in terms of cost per unit, energy and power density, energy efficiency, and average lifespan.Additionally, the potential of hybrid systems combining both technologies was analyzed to develop more stable and efficient solar energy storage solutions.The analyses indicate that, technically, supercapacitors are significantly preferable to sealed lead-acid batteries.Despite this, their disadvantages in basic criteria such as energy density and cost make them challenging to use alone in every application.Hybrid systems, in which supercapacitors respond to sudden load needs and sealed lead-acid batteries meet long-term energy requirements, are considered the most ideal option for energy management.