Indonesia’s Marine Resources Innovation: Digital Transformation in Blue Economy Policy for Economic Sustainability

Indonesia has the potential to become the «World Maritime Axis», which still requires further action, in particular through strengthening its maritime potential. This study analyzes the influence of sectors in the blue economy, as proxied by the Fishermen’s Exchange Rate (NTN), foreign tourists, defense budget, maritime sector investment, and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Index, on Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In addition, this study looks at the effect of the ICT Index on the blue economy, specifically through the Fisheries Gross Domestic Product variable, as a projection of digitization in the blue economy. Using secondary data on the maritime sector in Indonesia, this research employs a two-model regression on time series data for the period from 2013 to 2023. The results of Model 1 indicate that the fishermen’s exchange rate, foreign tourists, and investment variables positively impact GDP, but these effects are statistically insignificant. In contrast, the defense budget and ICT Development Index variables have a positive and significant effect on GDP. Model 2 reveals that the impact of digital transformation, as indicated by the ICT Development Index, on Fisheries Gross Domestic Product is positive and significant. These results suggest that inclusive policies are necessary to enhance the impact of blue economy sectors on GDP. Therefore, we propose strategies such as the digital transformation of blue economy sector infrastructure, based on the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem, and blue financing through blue bonds.