Application and Progress of Graft Acquisition Methods in Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(CAD)是由冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块形成导致管腔狭窄或闭塞，进而引发心肌缺血缺氧的缺血性心脏病。作为CAD的根治性手段，冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)通过重建血运通道，实现心肌血供的解剖重建，以改善心肌缺血症状。CABG的远期预后高度依赖移植物的生物学特性、获取技术及术后桥血管调控干预。本文系统性综述CABG中移植物的选择策略、获取技术革新及抗重塑干预措施，通过整合近期研究数据，探讨技术演进对移植物通畅率的改善效应，旨在为优化血运重建策略提供参考。Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CAD) is an ischemic heart disease caused by coronary atherosclerotic plaque formation leading to lumen stenosis or occlusion, which in turn causes myocardial ischemia and hypoxia. As a radical means of CAD, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) achieves anatomical reconstruction of myocardial blood supply by reconstructing blood supply channels to improve the symptoms of myocardial ischemia. The long-term prognosis of CABG is highly dependent on the biological characteristics of the graft, acquisition technology and postoperative graft vascular regulation intervention. This article systematically reviews the graft selection strategies, technological innovations and anti-remodeling interventions in CABG. By integrating recent research data, this article explores the improvement effect of technological evolution on graft patency, aiming to provide a reference for optimizing revascularization strategies.