Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II

BACKGROUND: ) and T2DM incidence in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) cohorts of US women. METHODS: exposure and self-reported, clinician-diagnosed T2DM from 1992-2019. We adjusted for time-varying lifestyle factors, reproductive hormonal factors, and individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES). Results were meta-analyzed. We evaluated whether relationships persisted at levels below the current US EPA National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). Lastly, we examined multiplicative and additive interactions by body mass index (BMI), smoking status, physical activity, neighborhood SES, and region. CONCLUSIONS: , persisting even at levels below the current EPA NAAQS. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP15673.