Key result
New-onset pediatric T1DM is linked to decreased functional connectivity density in specific brain regions.
Why the study?
It was unclear whether children with type 1 diabetes mellitus experience brain functional changes during the initial stage of the disease.
Does new-onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus alter functional brain network topology in children compared to healthy controls?
Case-Control (n=68)
Does new-onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus alter functional brain network topology in children compared to healthy controls?
New-onset T1DM in children is associated with decreased regional brain function and abnormalities in temporal-frontal and limbic-occipital circuitry, which may contribute to cognitive impairments.
New-onset T1DM associated with altered pediatric brain connectivity; hypothesis-generating for cognitive risks and requires longitudinal validation.
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) causes cognitive changes in children, which may be due to deficits in brain functions. It is unclear whether T1DM children will have brain functional changes during the initial stage of the disease. We aimed to investigate the changes in the functional brain network topology in children with new-onset T1DM. In this study, 35 new-onset T1DM children and 33 age-, sex-matched healthy controls underwent resting-state fMRI. The whole brain functional connectivity density (FCD) analysis and seed-based functional connectivity (FC) analysis were performed to investigate the changes in functional brain networks in new-onset T1DM children when compared with the controls. Pearson correlational analysis was used to explore the correlation between FCD value of differential brain areas and clinical variables in T1DM children. Compared with the controls, children with new-onset T1DM exhibited significantly decreased FCDs of the right inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). In the subsequent FC analysis, decreased FC was found between right PCC and right cuneus and increased FC was found between right ITG and left orbital part of inferior frontal gyrus in children with new-onset T1DM compared to the controls. The FCD values of right ITG and PCC did not correlate with HbA1c, blood glucose level before imaging, and full-scale intelligence quotient (IQ) in T1DM children. These results revealed that T1DM affect the functional activity of the immature brain at the initial stage. These findings also indicate a decrease in regional brain function and abnormalities in temporal-frontal and limbic-occipital circuitry in children with new-onset T1DM, and highlight the effects of T1DM on children's brain networks involved in visual process and memory, which may contribute to the cognition impairments observed in children with T1DM.
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Liu et al. (2020) conducted a case-control in New-onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (n=68). New-onset Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus vs. Healthy controls was evaluated on Changes in functional brain network topology (functional connectivity density and seed-based functional connectivity). Children with new-onset T1DM exhibited significantly decreased functional connectivity density in the right inferior temporal gyrus and right posterior cingulate cortex compared to healthy controls.
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