Chapter VIII: Multivariate Analysis

This review covers multivariate statistical methods other than factor analysis. Previous reviewers have only touched on multivariate methods in connection with other topics (Norton, 1963) or considered the special case of discriminant analysis (Tatsuoka and Tiedeman, 1954). To bring the reader up to date, the present review includes contributions to multi-variate analysis back to the initial work in the 1930's. The multivariate methods (exclusive of factor analysis) most important for educational research are discriminant analysis, canonical correlation, and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Of these, multivariate analysis of variance is the most general and, in fact, can be formulated comprehensively to include canonical correlation and discriminant analysis as adjuncts of the analysis (Bock, 1963c). MANOVA and canonical correlation are multivariate generalizations of the familiar Fisherian analysis of variance and analysis of regression. Although they are part of the statistical development which originated in