Key result
Physical activity interventions in ADHD show no difference in dropout rates versus non-active controls.
Why the study?
Do physical activity interventions have different dropout rates compared to control conditions in children and adolescents with ADHD?
Meta-Analysis (n=148)
Do physical activity interventions have different dropout rates compared to control conditions in children and adolescents with ADHD?
Dropout rates from physical activity interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD are comparable to control conditions, suggesting these interventions are feasible, though males and those in non-sports activities may have higher dropout rates.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Comparable dropout supports feasibility of physical activity for ADHD youth; confirms acceptability versus controls in meta-analyses.
Physical activity (PA) interventions have shown promising in improving core symptoms of children and adolescents with ADHD, yet treatment dropout may pose a challenge to routine implementation in clinical practice. We conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the prevalence and predictors of treatment dropout from PA interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD. Electronic databases were searched from inception until 06/2016. Randomized control trials of PA interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD reporting dropout rates were included. A random effects meta-analysis and meta-regression analyses were performed. In 8 studies involving 9 PA intervention arms, 148 children or adolescents assigned to a PA intervention (mean age range = 8.2–15.8 years, 87.8% male) were included. The trim and fill adjusted treatment dropout rate was 17.5% (95%CI = 9.8%–29.4%). The prevalence of dropouts in exercisers was not significantly different from the dropouts in control conditions (odds ratio, OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 0.48–2.65; I 2 = 0). Lower dropout was observed in sports interventions compared with structured aerobic exercise or yoga (p = 0.049). A higher proportion of male participants (β = 0.05; 95%CI = 0.001 to 0.10; p = 0.045, R 2 = 1.0) appeared to moderate higher dropout rates from PA interventions. Our findings suggest that in order to maximize PA participation, and therefore health benefits, sports-related interventions should be offered in the multidisciplinary treatment of children and adolescents with ADHD. Our data also suggest that males with ADHD may be more likely to dropout. Dropout rates are comparable to control conditions, suggesting that PA interventions are feasible in adolescents with ADHD. • Dropout rates from physical activity in children and adolescents with ADHD are similar to those in control conditions. • Sport activities result in lower drop out than structured aerobic exercise. • Higher dropouts are observed in boys with ADHD. • Future research should develop motivational strategies to reduce dropout from physical activity interventions.
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Vancampfort et al. (2016) conducted a meta-analysis in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (n=148). Physical activity interventions vs. Non-active control conditions (e.g., wait list, treatment as usual) was evaluated on Treatment dropout rate (OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.48-2.65). Physical activity interventions in children and adolescents with ADHD had a dropout rate of 17.5%, which was not significantly different from non-active control conditions (OR 1.12).
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