A literature review exploring the challenges of treating RCC-associated tumor thrombus highlights the controversial role of anticoagulation and summarizes current surgical and medical approaches.
Does anticoagulation improve survival outcomes in patients with renal cell carcinoma associated with tumor thrombus?
This literature review highlights the undefined role and controversial use of anticoagulation in managing tumor thrombus associated with renal cell carcinoma.
Tumor thrombus (TT) is a complication of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) for which favorable medical management remains undefined. While radical nephrectomy has been shown to increase overall survival in RCC patients, surgical interventions such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) utilized to perform TT resection carry high mortality rates. While it has been documented that RCC with TT is associated with venous thromboembolism (VTE) development, anticoagulation use in these patients remains controversial in clinical practice. Whether anticoagulation is associated with improved survival outcomes remains unclear. Furthermore, if anticoagulation is initiated, there is limited evidence for whether direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), heparin, or warfarin serve as the most advantageous choice. While the combination of immunotherapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been shown to improve the outcomes of RCC, the clinical benefits of this combination are not well studied prospectively in cases with TT. In this literature review, we explore the challenges of treating RCC-associated TT with special attention to anticoagulation. We provide a comprehensive overview of current surgical and medical approaches and summarize recent studies investigating anticoagulation in RCC patients undergoing surgery, targeted therapy, and/or immunotherapy. Our goal is to provide clinicians with updated clinical insight into anticoagulation for RCC-associated TT patients.
Williams et al. (Mon,) conducted a review in Renal cell carcinoma with tumor thrombus. Anticoagulation was evaluated. A literature review exploring the challenges of treating RCC-associated tumor thrombus highlights the controversial role of anticoagulation and summarizes current surgical and medical approaches.