Cognition of lunar architectural spaces under simulated gravity via HUT10° and 2-hour lower limb compression

With the continuous advancement of crewed lunar exploration programs worldwide, the habitability and human-centered design of lunar architecture capable of supporting long-term habitation have emerged as key research topics within the fields of architecture and aerospace. This study selected 18 lunar architectural spaces from 11 international lunar architecture competition entries as stimulus images. Adopting a mixed-method approach combining subjective visual preference evaluation and objective eye-tracking, a controlled experiment was conducted involving 60 participants to analyze differences in spatial cognition under simulated lunar gravity versus normal gravity conditions. The simulated lunar gravity was achieved via a protocol of HUT10° bed rest combined with 2-hour lower limb compression, while a normal sitting posture served as the control. The results validated the effectiveness of the HUT10° simulation method for investigating lunar spatial cognition; although gravity conditions did not alter the overall scale or mean levels of visual preference, they significantly influenced the distribution of visual attention and visual search strategies. Specifically, under simulated lunar gravity, participants demonstrated a stronger cognitive preference for thickened space, public space, and green space. This study provides a prospective research foundation for the design of future lunar and other extraterrestrial habitats.