Endomyocardial biopsy via the jugular or subclavian vein is a safe and rapid diagnostic procedure, primarily used for monitoring post-cardiac transplant immunosuppression.
Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is a diagnostic procedure mainly to survey the sufficiency of immunosuppressive therapy after cardiac transplantation. Other indications for EMB remain controversial. After insertion of an introducer sheet in Seldinger's technique, four to six biopsies are taken from the right ventricle by fluoroscopic guidance. EMB is a very safe operation with a low complication rate which can be rapidly performed with little inconvenience for the patient if performed by a skilled surgeon.
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Kilo et al. (2006) studied this question.
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