Key result
Transgenic platelet-specific promoters fail to express functional PAR1 in mouse platelets to mimic human expression.
Platelet-specific promoters (GPIbα and αIIb) are insufficient to drive functional expression of the PAR1 transgene in mouse platelets, highlighting challenges in creating humanized platelet models.
Limits reliability of current transgenic mouse models for human platelet PAR1; leaves open alternative genetic approaches for researchers.
The in vivo study of protease activated receptors (PARs) in platelets is complicated due to species specific expression profiles. Human platelets express PAR1 and PAR4 whereas mouse platelets express PAR3 and PAR4. Further, PAR subtypes interact with one another to influence activation and signaling. The goal of the current study was to generate mice expressing PAR1 on their platelets using transgenic approaches to mimic PAR expression found in human platelets. This system would allow us to examine specific signaling from PAR1 and the PAR1-PAR4 heterodimer in vivo. Our first approach used the mouse GPIbα promoter to drive expression of mouse PAR1 in platelets (GPIbα-Tg-mPAR1). We obtained the expected frequency of founders carrying the transgene and had the expected Mendelian distribution of the transgene in multiple founders. However, we did not observe expression or a functional response of PAR1. As a second approach, we targeted human PAR1 with the same promoter (GPIbα-Tg-hPAR1). Once again we observed the expected frequency and distributing of the transgene. Human PAR1 expression was detected in platelets from the GPIbα-Tg-hPAR1 mice by flow cytometry, however, at a lower level than for human platelets. Despite a low level of PAR1 expression, platelets from the GPIbα-Tg-hPAR1 mice did not respond to the PAR1 agonist peptide (SFLLRN). In addition, they did not respond to thrombin when crossed to the PAR4-/- mice. Finally, we used an alternative platelet specific promoter, human αIIb, to express human PAR1 (αIIb-Tg-hPAR1). Similar to our previous attempts, we obtained the expected number of founders but did not detect PAR1 expression or response in platelets from αIIb-Tg-hPAR1 mice. Although unsuccessful, the experiments described in this report provide a resource for future efforts in generating mice expressing PAR1 on their platelets. We provide an experimental framework and offer considerations that will save time and research funds.
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Arachiche et al. (2014) studied Platelet PAR1 expression. Transgenic expression of PAR1 using platelet-specific promoters (GPIbα and αIIb) was evaluated on PAR1 expression and functional response in mouse platelets. Transgenic approaches using platelet-specific promoters (GPIbα and αIIb) were insufficient to express functional PAR1 in mouse platelets to mimic human platelet expression.
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