2018 KHRS guideline for the evaluation and management of syncope-Part 2

The general concept and initial approach to syncope patients have been mentioned in the general sections. This special section describes the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, patient education and treatment for the each syncope. The contents are in order of reflex syncope, orthostatic hypotension, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), cardiac syncope, and unexplained syncope. Several clinical issues will have been dealt with in special issues. Neurological assessment is added when the patients were diagnosed with psychogenic pseudosyncope (PPS). Although most of syncope in children and adolescents is reflex syncope, they may be caused by cardiovascular events in patients with congenital heart disease. In the elderly patients, syncope occurs not only by a single cause but a combination of various conditions. When they visit the emergency department, a standardized systematic approach is required to determine whether hospitalize them according to the risk and the needs for the specialized syncope management. We also described the limitations put on driving, exercising and social life style that are relevant to syncope. In this guideline, we also reviewed the Korean published literatures and European/American guidelines on syncope.