Genotoxic and Hemato-Biochemical Effects Induced By Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nano Particles in Sprague Dawley Rats

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This study aims to examine the adverse effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO 2 -NPs) on rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Twenty-five rats, each weighing 200 to 220 grams, were acquired and later transported to the animal house for acclimatization.The rats were divided into five groups of five rats each (G1, G2, G3, G4, and G5).These groups were treated with varying amounts of TiO 2 -NPs (mg/kg body weight): 0.00 (control), 0.9 (saline), 80, 120, and 160, every other day for 28 days.The rats' weight was examined regularly.After 28 days, blood samples were collected from the orbital sinuses into ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid -coated tubes, and serum was separated for biochemical analysis. RESULTS:The data suggested that the rats' weight was substantially reduced compared with the control and saline groups.Hematological indicators, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lymphocytes, and monocytes, significantly decreased (p<0.05),whereas mean corpuscular volume and white blood cells significantly increased.Biochemical indicators, including alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, urea, creatinine, lactate dehydrogenase, and total bilirubin, were markedly increased.Findings indicate increased oxidative stress and antioxidant enzyme activity in response to high-dose treatment.Genotoxic measurements demonstrated a large decrease in head length and head deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (%), but tail length, comet length, tail DNA (%), and tail moment increased markedly. CONCLUSION:Anatase TiO 2 -NPs induced significant genotoxic and hemato-biochemical effects in Sprague Dawley rats.