Self-Monitoring of Blood Pressure in Yemen: Preliminary Insights Into Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Hypertensive Patients

Background: Self-monitoring of blood pressure (SMBP) is crucial for managing hypertension (HTN). However, there is a lack of information on the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of hypertensive patients regarding SMBP in Yemen. Therefore, this study evaluated these KAPs among hypertensive patients in Yemen. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 598 adult hypertensive patients conveniently sampled from 19 hospitals in five governorates of Yemen (Amran, Dhamar, Sa'dah, Sana'a, and Ibb) in 2023. Data about demographics, HTN, and KAPs regarding SMBP were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: The response rate was 90.6% (598/660). Of respondents, 30.6% were aware of SMBP, with 72.1% of these practicing it at home. Only 20.2% of patients with perceived awareness knew the optimal timing for BP measurements, and 30% were unaware of any of the precautions SMBP. Although 96.2% of patients believed that SMBP can reduce organ complications, only 39.9% considered it accurate. Of patients aware of SMBP, most (84.2%) endorsed recommending it. Nevertheless, 30.3% of those using SMBP practiced it irregularly, and 53% documented their BP readings, 57.6% shared their home BP readings with physicians, 56.1% compared home and clinic values, and 8.3% reported considering all precautions. Healthcare provider advice (85.6%) and family motivation (75.6%) were the most common reasons for practicing SMBP, followed by owning BP devices (46.2%), while difficulty to operate devices (41.2%), and inability to afford them (35.3%) were the most common reasons for not practicing it. Conclusion: Adult hypertensive patients in Yemen show low awareness of SMBP, with notable gaps in understanding proper measurement timing, frequency, and precautions. Doubts about SMBP's accuracy are concerning, yet many express willingness to recommend it, trusting healthcare providers' guidance. Reducing cost barriers and simplifying device use could enhance SMBP adoption, improving HTN management in this vulnerable population.